My experience Onboard

Assalamualaikum to all my article reader,I want to tell my experienced onboard a ship during my seaphase training onboard LPG tanker M.T MINISTAR.This ship was been built on 1968.This ship was the oldest ship that I ever meet.This ship was carrying ammonia liquid as a cargo.It was a small ship that only have 86.5m LOA.GT for this ship was only 963t.First thing that I want to tell is the experienced during sing on this ship.I was been sent to this ship by boat that been own by this vessel.This vessel has their own boat to make easy to go to shore or anywhere or taking in provision.

After sign on,I straight away meet my captain and chief officer,both of them was from myanmar n nearly 70 percent of the crew was myanmar including ab and engineer.I was being send to my cabin that very small,hahahaha.This ship doest not have any air condition as ventilation.It only used fan as a ventilation system.That make me little uncormfortable because during sailing,my room became the most hot room because my room position is only upper from engine room.The crew on this ship was only 14 person to run this small and old ship.

This vessel route is MELAKA,BINTULU,INDONESIA,MYANMAR AND PHILIPINE.The caargo was sport charter that mean this ship only run if being chartered by any company.All of the mechanism in this was to old.All are using mechanical and manual system such as crane and steering system.Their steering system does not have an auto piot system that mean u must control it by yourself alltime during making way.The crane was being manual to lifting up the boat and taking up the provision.

The crane required 4 person to be handle because all the mechanical is manual.

My experienced during manouvre was the nightmare for me bacause I was required to manouvre the ship manually while stading non stop for 4 hours.It was the bad experienced for me because it cause my leg to stretch all the time.But from this,I got the very precious moment that all my batchmate cannot get that is handling the manual ship.I feel like a king during my duty because I wan controllent the movement of the ship,that was unforgotten moment handling a big ship by my own self.I was not long on this ship because I was getting offer to other company that is more better for me.I was only 6 month in this ship.

Leadership Skill

Every person was born with a leadership inside themselves In between they are using it to right way or not.As we as diploma in nautical studies student that study to be an officer one day insyaallah we have to learn how to be a good officer and good leader in a ship.Once you become an officer,your chance to be a captain is high and being a captain is not a simple job that everyone can do.The four stripe in captain shoulder indicate the amount of responsible that every captain must sustained.Being a captain not just command a ship but being a role model to every crew onboard a ship.

A good captain will show a good example to every crew and be a good leader in every part in the ship.A captain of a ship will give an order to every officer and crew off the ship for the ship to run smoothly to dilever a cargo safely.Leadership onboard merchant vessel is totally different than on shore leader because every decision onboard that must be made by a captain is very crucial  decision because it can determined the effect that will be happened if he make a wrong decision such as collision or accident.

As a leader onboard a ship,showing a good example to a crew will make them more appreciate their leader and will follow their leader order accordingly.As my experience during my onboard training on MT ORKIM LEADER,my experience with my captain was very interesting and that was the moment that I was cannot forget.My captain name was Capt.Basyaruddin,he was from indonesia and was command for 12 years.He taught me so many thing and new thing for me that cannot be get at my institutuion.The thing that he taught me only can be get by experienced as a leader.

He was a person that very proper in everything that he is do,for example he give each officer a job and then he will recheck back again every task already be given before submit it.If he spot any mistake at the job that been given he will teach back the officer and show the proper way how to do it.I never get captain that show very good leadership in their self in proper way.

MY G IDOL

Kikuo Ibe may not have a watch brand named after himself but he has to be one of the most well known and respected influencers of the watch industry. We have covered an extremely wide range of Casio G-Shock watches here, and yet, in line with Japanese watchmaking culture, it is exceedingly rare that we are given proper insight or interesting droplets of information.

That however, is exactly what has happened with this recently released official video titled “The Story Behind G-Shock.” In it, Ibe-san explains why and how the G-Shock came to be and how he and his team could overcome the innumerable challenges that it meant to develop the world’s first “watch so durable it wouldn’t break even when dropped” in the early ’80s – that was Mr. Ibe’s mission statement after he dropped and broke a watch he received as a gift from his father.

After two years of painstaking trial and error, and at a time when he was nearly ready to give up, he came upon a child playing with a ball  and that, as he puts it, resulted in a dramatic shift towards the solution. Fast-forward to today, and innovation couldn’t be further from stopping at Casio, as Ariel found out during his in-depth Casio manufacture

As G-Shocks continue to merge durability and toughness with the latest technology, and as they become tougher and more focused on meeting the requirements of yet more specific use scenarios (firefighters, rescue workers, fighter pilots, different types of divers, and more), Ibe’s advice to people and, he adds, to himself is to “never give up and overcome any hardships to reach their goals.”

A rare and more concrete thing to learn was Ibe’s appreciation of how Japanese culture incorporates the notion of how there is strength hidden in being elegant. While that in itself makes total sense when said out loud, to project that onto a watch and especially a G-Shock is much more unusual. While G-Shocks push to continue to succeed with a young demographic has resulted in some decidedly bold and colorful pieces, you can still easily find some genuinely elegant G-Shocks out there.

What Is a Ballast Water System?

A ballast water system allows a ship to pump water in and out of very large tanks to compensate for a change in cargo load, shallow draft conditions, or weather.

The capacity of ballast water tanks might be millions of gallons on a large vessel. This allows vessels to carry a light or heavy load while maintaining ideal buoyancy and handling conditions in all situations.

A ship might discharge all ballast water tanks to pass a shallow area or forward tanks only to raise the bow in rough open seas.

Physical components of the system include; raw water intakes, large and small strainers, pumps, distribution pipes, ballast water tanks, treatment system, discharge system, and all the valves, sensors, and controls to run the equipment.

Invasive Species in Ballast Water

Invasive species are a significant threat to ecosystems and the economies of the affected areas. Researchers think that about one-third of all documented invasive plants and animals are able to travel in the ballast water tanks of ships.

Zebra Mussels were introduced into Lake Saint Clair in 1988 when a ship emptied ballast water into the Great Lakes System. The Great Lakes hold nearly twenty percent of the earth’s fresh surface water in a watershed system. The non-native mussels eliminated native varieties once used by industry and have caused an estimated 7 billion dollars (US) in damage by encrusting or clogging underwater equipment essential to industrial and recreational activities.

Sea Lamprey and ​Spiny Water Fleas are organisms which feed off of host fish or compete with young fish for food. Many species of fish impacted by these invasive species have significant commercial or sporting value. These animals, and others, can live in fresh or salt water and may spread into inland waterways from saline ports and harbors.

Plants can also travel long distances in ballast water. Eurasian Milfoil is a surface plant which can clog equipment and deter recreation where it forms thick mats. Eurasian Milfoil was introduced to the United States in the 1940s. Because the plant can produce large colonies from only one small fragment it is likely the plant was introduced in the ballast water of a ship.

Resolving Ballast Water Issues

For years amateurs and professional researchers have experimented with a huge array of weapons to combat invasive species in a ship’s ballast water. Most of the difficulty is due to the fact that huge volumes of water must be treated in a reasonably short period of time. Many land-based systems for treating public supplies takes many hours or days to pass water through their treatment systems.

A ship, on the other hand, must be able to discharge ballast water as quickly as cargo is loaded. In emergency situations, ballast tanks need to empty as quickly as possible. A quick pass through most ballast water treatment systems is not enough to kill all the organisms that may be present.

Ballast Water Treatment Solutions and Shortcomings

No Discharge or Ballast Exchange Rules - International, National, and Local law governs ballast water discharge. Some areas require ballast tanks to be sealed while others allow ballast to be exchanged. Ballast exchange allows tanks to be filled with local waters. Sealed ballast tanks may need to be emptied in an emergency situation and exchange is hindered by the fact that foreign waters must be discharged in close proximity to ​sensitive area for vessels to operate safely.

Mechanical Filters – Filters which are fine enough to remove the small immature young and eggs of invasive species clog quickly and require constant maintenance.

Thermal Treatment – The idea is to heat ballast water to kill any unwanted organisms. Unfortunately heating such a huge volume of water is impractical due to time and energy constraints.

Other Energy Treatments – Ultraviolet, sonic, and other radiation have all been tried but have similar problems to thermal treatment; limits on time and energy.

Chemical Treatments – One of the earliest and most dangerous of all the methods used to control invasive species in ballast water. Chlorine bleach and other toxic chemicals will kill existing organisms but the release of these chemicals on the scale necessary to treat every ship would reach toxic levels for all aquatic life near the discharge points.

The Future of Ballast Water Treatment

Researchers are pursuing this difficult and financially lucrative goal at institutions around the world. In 2011, a team announced their successful small-scale test of a two-phase ballast treatment system which eliminates unwanted organisms and produces sodium bicarbonate as a byproduct.

The system is undergoing full-size tests in the Great Lakes. The test for a scalable system is expected to perform well. It is not clear how regulatory agencies around the world will respond to the potential discharge of industrial amounts of sodium bicarbonate into their waters. Sodium bicarbonate is a common and safe chemical in small amounts, but studies must be conducted to assure this method is safe for long term use.

How to save fuel when driving

Buying the cheapest petrol and diesel is the easiest way to cut your fuel costs, but there are other things you can do to get the most mileage out of your tank.

Fuel-saving tips

Stay aerodynamic

Wind resistance increases fuel consumption.

Try to keep windows closed at high speeds and remove roof racks and boxes when not in use.

Removing a roof-top cargo box can save as much as 20% on fuel over a year.

Slow down

According to the AA, dropping from 80mph to 70mph could save you up to 25% in fuel.

If you’re on smaller roads, slowing down from 70mph to 60mph could save another 10% .

Maintenance

Get your car serviced regularly to maintain engine efficiency and make sure you’re using the correct engine oil (check the handbook).

Sensible driving

Read the road ahead, anticipating the actions of other drivers and potential hazards.

The less braking and acceleration, the less fuel used.

For instance, drive smoothly in heavy traffic and avoid driving fast to catch up to the car in front, then having to brake.

Drop the revs

Some motorists let the revs (revolutions per minute or RPM) run to 3,000 per minute (petrol car) and 2,500 (diesel) before changing up a gear.

It’s more efficient to move up a gear at 2,500 (petrol) and 2,000 (diesel).

Use high gears, such as fifth and sixth gears, sooner than later.

Look after tyres

Well maintained tyres are essential for safe and economical driving.

Check tyre pressures regularly (especially before a motorway journey).

The RAC claims correctly inflated tyres can improve fuel consumption by up to 2%.

Reduce weight

A lighter car will use less fuel, so don’t drive around with unnecessary items in your boot and unless you’re on a long journey, consider running your fuel tank half full or less.

Speed bumps

Braking hard, accelerating, then braking for the next speed bump is inefficient and uses extra fuel.

Try to drive along at a steady 15-20mph instead.

Air con or open windows?

Air-conditioning increases fuel consumption, especially at low speeds.

If it’s a hot day, use the air conditioning for high speed driving, but open the windows around town.

Ditch the car

It sounds obvious, but the simplest way to save on your fuel costs is to cut your car use – try walking, cycling or public transport for shorter journeys, or car sharing for your commute.

History of Jeans and Denim

Jeans are pants made from denim or dungaree cloth. They were invented by Jacob Davis and Levi Strauss in 1873 and a worn still but in a different context. Jeans are named after the city of Genoa in Italy, a place where cotton corduroy, called either jean or jeane, was manufactured. Levi Strauss came from Germany to New York in 1851 to join his older brother who had a dry goods store.

In 1853 he heard about Gold Rush in the West so moved to San Francisco to establish Western Branch of the family dry goods business. There he sold, among other things, cotton cloth. One of his customers was Jacob W. Davis, a tailor from Reno, Nevada. Davis made functional items such as tents, horse blankets, and wagon covers.

One day, his customer ordered a pair of sturdy pants that could withstand hard work. He made them from denim that he bought from Levi Strauss & Co and made them stronger by placing copper rivets at the places pants rip the most: pockets and flies. When he wanted to patent them, he wrote to Levi Strauss, and they became partners. They opened a bigger factory, and that is how jeans were born.

Jeans History

Jeans marked culture of the last 140 years probably more than we think. They were first working clothes, then symbols of disobedience only to become fashion items. History of denim and jeans is long and colorful.

Jeans Inventors

Jacob W. Davis and Levi Strauss teamed up from necessity and created an item that will influence cultural groups for years and even today - they created jeans. Here you can learn more about jeans inventors.

Jeans Facts

Did you know that the most expensive pair of blue jeans is sold for $250,000? Did you know that the longest pair of blue jeans is sixty-eight meters long? Read more interesting facts about jeans.

Making Jeans

Did you ever asked yourself how blue jeans are made? Or even zippers? Now you have a chance to find out. Read about methods of manufacturing of jeans and zippers.

History of Jeans Making

Jeans are made of a material called denim. The name “denim” comes from the name of a sturdy fabric called “Serge de Nîmes”, initially made in Nîmes, France, hence “de Nîmes” - “denim”. Weavers of Nîmes tried to reproduce the cotton corduroy that was famously made in the city of Genoa, in Italy, but with no luck. With trial and error, they developed another twill fabric that became known as denim. That was cotton twill textile, in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. Warp threads were dyed in indigo while weft threads remained white that gave to denim blue color on the one side and white on the other. Denim is highly durable, and that is why he was used by people that needed clothes that would last long. That is also why it was used by Levi Strauss and Jacob W. Davis for material for jeans pants.

Indigo dye is a color used for coloring the denim. It is an organic dye with a distinctive blue color. It was manufactured and used in India, from where it got its name, since the ancient times. From India, 

Indigo is imported to Egypt, Greece and Rome. Other ancient civilizations, such are China, Japan, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Britain, Mesoamerica, Peru, Iran, and Africa also used indigo for dyeing. Indigo in India was made from plant Indigofera tinctoria. It was used on cotton because it was the easiest method of coloring. The only problem was: color didn’t last long. Indigo was a rare luxury in Europe in the Middle Ages because of high duties imposed by Persian, Levantine, and Greek middlemen. With discovering of a sea route to India that problem was solved and indigo plants are moving to colonies. Organic Indigo is used until the discovery of the synthetic indigo in the late 19th century. It becomes cheaper variant and replaces it.

UNDERSTANDING MALAYSIAN CUISINE: 5 THINGS TO ORDER AT A MAMAK STALl

“When in Rome, do as the Romans do” can be altered in this case to state “When in Malaysia, eat like the Malaysians do”. To truly understand the culture of a new country, its best to put yourself in their shoes. Immerse yourself in their traditions, dip your fingers into their cuisine and most importantly, associate with the locals in their comfort zone. Following these rules, the best place to gauge a part of Malaysian culture is to eat at their local mamak stalls. Why I say “a part”, is because three races live harmoniously side by side in Malaysia; Chinese, Indian and Malays, each with their own distinct cuisines and habits. Mamaks represent the cuisine and lifestyle of the Indians that migrated to Malaysia centuries ago.

Mamak stalls are akin to open air food courts that are found at every nook and cranny of Malaysia, serving hawker-style food. Their popularity soars far beyond any hospitality establishment as they are packed with people at all hours. You will never find a mamak stall empty, be it 5pm or 5am. Tamil Muslims that migrated from South India set up these outlets serving halal food, hence you can see the South Indian influence in the dishes served at these places. The concentration in mamaks is not on the ambiance or decor but strictly on food; delicious food at very cheap prices. Buzzing with chatter, mamaks are the place to be to discover the beauty of Malaysian cuisine. Their menu is vast with vegetarian as well as non vegetarian dishes, but here are my top five favorites.

Roti Canai

Pronounced ch-nai, a visit to any mamak stall would be incomplete without this dish. The signature order in every mamak stall, Canai is literally translated into “flatbread”. It is a mix between an Indian paratha and roti. The flour dough, mixed with eggs, water and oil, is twirled until it turns into a thin sheet and them cooked on a hot griddle laced with oil. The end result is a crisp yet moist and fluffy flatbread. Served with lentils and any sort of meat curry, the best way to eat it is with your hands. Break a piece and dip into the curries and enjoy a piece of heaven. It is so light, you may end up eating more than you would have imagined. But then again, it is a sin not stop eating good food.

Thosai

My absolute favorite dish at a mamak stall is a thosai. Known as dossa in South India, this dish is evidence of the influence of South Indian cooking on Malaysian Cuisine. Adopted directly from the flat-iron pans of Chennai, thosai is the South Indian version of crepes. The batter is made from crushed wheat flour and urad lentils, it is spread on a round pan in circular motions. Once it starts to brown, the thosai is flipped to cook the other side. A perfectly made thosai should be thin and crisp. Served with coconut chutney, lentils and fish curry, it is a match made in heaven. Scoop the coconut chutney with the thosai and dip it into the fish curry; couldnt ask for a better bite. Starting at RM1.40, it is a complete meal at barely any cost.

Nasi Briyani Ayam

Malaysian cuisine is very heavily centered around rice. Their most popular dishes are fried rice (nasi goreng) and nasi lemak (rice cooked in coconut milk), both available at mamak stalls. For a spicy version, order the nasi biryani. However, this is not to be mistaken for Indian biryani, which includes a plethora of herbs and spices including saffron threads. Instead this is a milder version, cooked with vegetables, curry leaves and barely any spices. The chicken that is served with it is crispy and batter fried, with most of the spices mixed into the batter. The best time to eat this dish is either at lunch or dinner time when it is freshly made at the stall. It may be low on spices but it is surely full of flavor.

Murtabak

It derives its name from the Arabic word Muttabaq, which means folded. In essence, it is folded flatbread filled with eggs, onions, ground beef and spices. It tastes like a fat, fluffy omelet, but it is actually made in a wheat pastry. The layer of pastry that envelopes the egg is so thin, that you can only taste the egg and meat mixture. While the pastry is being cooked on the wok, the egg mixture is poured on top. The chef then needs to quickly fold the pastry so the egg mixture does not seep out. It requires a high degree of skill to make this dish, without breaking the outer pastry. At the end all the effort seems to be worth it. One always associates eggs with breakfast, but this dish can be eaten at any time of the day. Normally it is served with lentils and curry, but I prefer to eat it on its own. Its own flavors are so bold that it does not need an accompaniment. It is a winning combination; egg and flat bread cooked together.

Teh Tarik

All the food needs to be washed down with the famous Malaysian tea. Teh Tarik literally translates into “pulled tea”. Once the tea is brewed, a sweetened creamer is added and then it has to be tossed from one cup to another to enhance its flavors and create a froth. One sip and it works wonders to miraculously relieve you of any lethargy or tiredness. The taste, however, is an acquired one. It resembles the flavors of ripe dates but delicious nonetheless. Initially, it was too sweet for my taste, but tell them to reduce the sugar and it turns into the perfect cup of tea. Perfect way to start or even end your experience at a mamak stall.

This list is far from exhaustive. Mamaks serve Chinese inspired dishes too like Tom Yum Soup, Mee Goreng Ayam (Fried Noodles with Chicken), Rojak (tofu salad with a sweet peanut sauce), curried vegetables to name a few. Hungry after a night out, mamaks are the best place to go to fill your stomach. You cannot experience Malaysia in its entirety if you do not dine at a mamak stall. The buzzing atmosphere with chatter across the cooking stalls, the clinking of metal cutlery, coupled with flavorful food makes it a true representation of Malaysian culture.

Eczema

Eczema is a condition where patches of skin become inflamed, itchy, red, cracked, and rough. Blisters may sometimes occur.

Different stages and types of eczema affect 31.6 percent of people in the United States.

The word "eczema" is also used specifically to talk about atopic dermatitis, the most common type of eczema.

"Atopic" refers to a collection of diseases involving the immune system, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and hay fever. Dermatitis is an inflammation of the skin.

Some people outgrow the condition, while others will continue to have it throughout adulthood.

This MNT Knowledge Center article will explain what eczema is and discuss the symptoms, causes, treatments, and types.

Fast facts on eczema

Here are some key points about eczema. More detail and supporting information is in the main article.

Certain foods can trigger symptoms, such as nuts and dairy.

Symptoms vary according to the age of the person with eczema, but they often include scaly, itchy patches of skin.

Eczema can also be triggered by environmental factors like smoke and pollen. However, eczema is not a curable condition.

Treatment focuses on healing damaged skin and alleviating symptoms. There is not yet a full cure for eczema, but symptoms can be managed.

Eczema is not a contagious condition.

Woman rubbing cream onto eczema

The symptoms of atopic dermatitis can vary, depending on the age of the person with the condition.

Atopic dermatitis commonly occurs in infants, with dry and scaly patches appearing on the skin. These patches are often intensely itchy.

Most people develop atopic dermatitis before the age of 5 years. Half of those who develop the condition in childhood continue to have symptoms as an adult.

However, these symptoms are often different to those experienced by children.

People with the condition will often experience periods of time where their symptoms flare up or worsen, followed by periods of time where their symptoms will improve or clear up.

Symptoms in infants under 2 years old

Rashes commonly appear on the scalp and cheeks.

Rashes usually bubble up before leaking fluid.

Rashes can cause extreme itchiness. This may interfere with sleeping. Continuous rubbing and scratching can lead to skin infections.

Symptoms in children aged 2 years until puberty

Rashes commonly appear behind the creases of elbows or knees.

They are also common on the neck, wrists, ankles, and the crease between buttock and legs.

Over time, the following symptoms can occur:

Rashes can become bumpy.

Rashes can lighten or darken in color.

Rashes can thicken in a process known as lichenification. The rashes can then develop knots and a permanent itch.

Symptoms in adults

Rashes commonly appear in creases of the elbows or knees or the nape of the neck.

Rashes cover much of the body.

Rashes can be especially prominent on the neck, face, and around the eyes.

Rashes can cause very dry skin.

Rashes can be permanently itchy.

Rashes in adults can be more scaly than those occurring in children.

Rashes can lead to skin infections.

Adults who developed atopic dermatitis as a child but no longer experience the condition may still have dry or easily-irritated skin, hand eczema, and eye problems.

The appearance of skin affected by atopic dermatitis will depend on how much a person scratches and whether the skin is infected. Scratching and rubbing further irritate the skin, increase inflammation, and make itchiness worse.

Treatment

There is no cure for eczema. Treatment for the condition aims to heal the affected skin and prevent flare-ups of symptoms. Doctors will suggest a plan of treatment based on an individual's age, symptoms, and current state of health.

For some people, eczema goes away over time. For others, it remains a lifelong condition.

Home care

There are numerous things that people with eczema can do to support skin health and alleviate symptoms, such as:

taking lukewarm baths

applying moisturizer within 3 minutes of bathing to "lock in" moisture

moisturizing every day

wearing cotton and soft fabrics, and avoiding rough, scratchy fibers and tight-fitting clothing

using a mild soap or a non-soap cleanser when washing

air drying or gently patting skin dry with a towel, rather than rubbing the skin dry after bathing

where possible, avoiding rapid changes of temperature and activities that make you sweat

learning and avoiding individual eczema triggers

using a humidifier in dry or cold weather

keeping fingernails short to prevent scratching from breaking the skin

Medications

There are several medications that doctors can prescribe to treat the symptoms of eczema, including:

Topical corticosteroid creams and ointments: These are a type of anti-inflammatory medication and should relieve the main symptoms of eczema, such as skin inflammation and itchiness. They are applied directly to the skin. If you want to buy topical corticosteroid creams and ointments, then there is an excellent selection online with thousands of customer reviews.

Systemic corticosteroids: If topical treatments are not effective, systemic corticosteroids can be prescribed. These are either injected or taken by mouth, and they are only used for short periods of time.

Antibiotics: These are prescribed if eczema occurs alongside a bacterial skin infection.

Antiviral and antifungal medications: These can treat fungal and viral infections that occur.

Antihistamines: These reduce the risk of nighttime scratching as they can cause drowsiness.

Topical calcineurin inhibitors: This is a type of drug that suppresses the activities of the immune system. It decreases inflammation and helps prevent flare-ups.

Barrier repair moisturizers: These reduce water loss and work to repair the skin.

Phototherapy: This involves exposure to ultraviolet A or B waves, alone or combined. The skin will be monitored carefully. This method is normally used to treat moderate dermatitis.

Even though the condition itself is not yet curable, there should be a particular treatment plan to suit each person with different symptoms. Even after an area of skin has healed, it is important to keep looking after it, as it may easily become irritated again.

Causes

Pollen coming from tree blossom

Pollen is one of the many potential triggers of eczema.

The specific cause of eczema remains unknown, but it is believed to develop due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Eczema is not contagious.

Children are more likely to develop eczema if a parent has had the condition or another atopic disease.

If both parents have an atopic disease, the risk is even greater.

Environmental factors are also known to bring out the symptoms of eczema, such as:

Irritants: These include soaps, detergents, shampoos, disinfectants, juices from fresh fruits, meats, or vegetables.

Allergens: Dust mites, pets, pollens, mold, and dandruff can lead to eczema.

Microbes: These include bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, viruses, and certain fungi.

Hot and cold temperatures: Very hot or cold weather, high and low humidity, and perspiration from exercise can bring out eczema.

Foods: Dairy products, eggs, nuts and seeds, soy products, and wheat can cause eczema flare-ups.

Stress: This is not a direct cause of eczema but can make symptoms worse.

Hormones: Women can experience increased eczema symptoms at times when their hormone levels are changing, for example during pregnancy and at certain points in the menstrual cycle.

Types

There are many different types of eczema. While this article has focused mainly on atopic dermatitis, other types include:

Allergic contact dermatitis: This is a skin reaction following contact with a substance or allergen that the immune system recognizes as foreign.

Dyshidrotic eczema: This is an irritation of the skin on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet. It is characterized by blisters.

Neurodermatitis: This forms scaly patches of skin on the head, forearms, wrists, and lower legs. It is caused by a localized itch, such as an insect bite.

Nummular eczema: These show as circular patches of irritated skin that can be crusted, scaly, and itchy.

Seborrheic eczema: This forms oily, scaly, yellowish patches of skin, usually on the scalp and face.

Stasis dermatitis: This is a skin irritation of the lower leg usually related to circulatory problems.

Chinese manufacturer Huawei unveiled its new P20 smartphone line on Tuesday in Paris, including a flagship model billed as the world's first triple-camera smartphone.

Richard Yu, CEO of the world's third-largest smartphone vendor (153 million shipments in 2017) -- behind Samsung and Apple -- unveiled a new flagship smartphone for the Huawei brand in the French capital.

The Huawei P20 will be available in two different versions: the P20 and P20 Pro. Both models feature a small notch at the top, following the trend set by Apple's iPhone X and since adopted by various Android smartphone makers.

Huawei notbaly hit headlines with the P20 Pro, the first triple-camera smartphone squarely aimed at photography professionals.

 The device camera relies on three separate sensor with a 40-Megapixel sensor for color, a 20-Megapixel sensor for black and white, and an 8-Megapixel sensor for the 3x optical zoom (10x digital zoom).

The camera also boasts light sensitivity up to 102400 ISO, equivalent to DSLRs like the Canon 5D Mark IV. This should help the camera take low-light photos of unprecedented quality for a smartphone.

As for video, the device can shoot slow-motion footage at up to 960 frames per second. As a result, it's no surprise to see the Huawei P20 Pro enter the respected DxOMark image quality ranking at the top spot, both for photo and video quality.

This 6.1-inch smartphone promises ease of use thanks to onboard artificial intelligence, the powerful Kirin 970 processor and 6GB RAM. This is the same processor that features in the Huawei Mate 10 Pro, and is billed as the world's first mobile processor to feature a "neural processing unit.

The handset also has a more powerful battery than its rivals, despite its slimmer build. It has a dual camera with 12- and 20-Megapixel sensors (color and B&W).

In fact, the Huawei P20 comes second in the DxOMark image quality ranking, ahead of the Samsung Galaxy S9 and the Google Pixel 2. The handset gets the same processor as the P20 Pro and has 4GB RAM.

Both phones run the latest version of the Android Oreo (8.1) operating system and have a facial recognition system for unlocking, as well as a PC mode when hooked up to a monitor.

Type Of Car ENgine

Car Engine-Secured under the hood of the car, it usually looks like a gigantic confusing jumble of wires, tubes, and metal. This is the reason why your car is running. After all, this is what turns all the energy into the mechanical form, allowing your car to run. Car engines come in a variety, with different features, but with the same purpose, of course. If you too own a car or thinking of buying one, getting yourself acquainted with different types of car engines is a must.

As different cars come with different engines, let’s explore further how you can actually identify these types of engines as soon as you see them.

Types of Car Engines- The Basics

1. VEE

2. INLINE

3. STRAIGHT

4. VR and W

5. BOXER

Here’s how you can identify the car engine type of your car, just by having a look at the layout of the cylinders.

1. VEE

When looking at the engine from the front side, this arrangement will be like the alphabet ‘V’. Every cylinder will be facing outwards and will be driving a common crankshaft at the base. Expect this sort of engine in all those premium and high-performance cars, as it allows squeezing in more cylinders. Also, the space consumed by the cylinders is quite compact as compared to other engines.

2. INLINE

You will see all the cylinders arranged in a line. They will be facing in the upward direction which is usually perpendicular to the car. This sort of configuration in the engines can be seen in the wide variety of small and hatchback cars. The arrangement of the cylinder is simply straight in these engines.

3. STRAIGHT

Looking at the arrangement of the cylinders in this engine, you will notice that the positioning is done parallel to the car. All those premium cars like BMW use this type of car engines with such cylinder positioning.

4. VR and W

Developed by the Volkswagen group, it uses the exact same principle for all those V engines. VR and W engine’s cylinder has a very narrow space between them. And, space is so narrow that these cylinders are like squished together in one block. It is at the base that W configuration joins two banks of VR engines. Manufacturers rarely use this engine and configuration in any of the modern cars. Cars like Bentley Mulsanne use it though.

5. BOXER

And, then comes the boxer which is even called as Flat. These horizontally opposed engines use the cylinders that are simply laid down on their side in two banks. But, the two cylinders don’t face each other, in fact, they are placed pointing away from each other. Well, this allows the gravity to stay at the low level, which simply adds to the benefit of handling. Want to know which cars are actually using this layout in their cars? Well, brands like Porsche use this sort of arrangement of cylinders in their vehicles.

These are some sorts of cylinder arrangement in the different cars, which can help you in identifying the right engines fitted inside. Yes, they all need different sort of maintenance as well, which you can even discuss with the professional mechanic at your place or nearby.

Besides, cylinders generally come in various configuration, which can range from twin cylinder, three-cylinder, four-cylinder, five-cylinder, and can extend to six to eight and even ten cylinder engines as well. These car engine types are a few common engine types that are used to run the vehicle these days.

Tiga Pelaut dan Jin

Ada tiga orang yang berlainan bangsa, iaitu seorang Arab, seorang Afrika dan seorang India. Mereka ni telah sama-sama ingin mengembara di lautan, sampai masa dan ketikanya mereka pun belayarlah seperti yang dihajatkan.

Setelah sekian lama belayar, sehingga suatu ketika mereka telah menempuh suatu taufan dan ombak bak cerita "Deep Impact" yang kuat sehingga menyebabkan kapal mereka telah terbelah dua lalu tenggelam ala "Titanic". Mereka telah hanyut dan terdampar di sebuah pulau yang tiada berpenghuni melainkan mereka bertigalah yang menghuninya setelah tersadai.

Hari demi hari, minggu demi minggu, bulan demi bulan hinggakan tahun demi tahun sampai jadi belas tahun mereka menginap di pulau itu. Hidup aman dan damai kata orang, saling bekerjasama. Mereka ni jadi tersangatlah akrabnya.

Akhirnya salah seorang dari mereka terjumpa sebuah bekas. Lalu dia pun memanggil dua lagi kengkawannya. Setelah kata sepakat, mereka pun membuka bekas tadi tu. Amat terkezutlah mereka sebaik sahaja terbuka sahaja penutup bekas tu, keluarlah asap. Aetelah terbatuk-batuk beberapa kali dan jerebu pun reda, mereka terperasan ada penambahan bilangan dari segi penduduk. Wujud satu jin depan mereka. Mereka bertiga jadi takut, tapi jin tu selamba je, terkebil-kebil. Belum sempat mereka berbuat apa-apa lagi jin dah berkata:

"Thank you, thank you, kerana you all telah selamatkan saya dari belenggu belanga ni. Oleh kerana you all telah selamatkan jiwa dan raga saya, saya akan tunaikan apa sahaja permintaan you all, tetapi seorang akan dapat satu sahaja permintaan je tau."

Mereka bertiga punye le gumbira apabila mendengar berita terkini hiburan sensasi yang disampaikan oleh jin tu.

"Baiklah," kata orang pertama iatiu si Arab, "Wahai jin, saya telah tersangat lama tinggal di pulau ini dan ana tidak dapat menahan rindu untuk pulang ke kampung halaman, boleh anta tunaikan."

Kata jin tu, "Boleh, no problemo, tapi tak nak ke ucapkan babai ke apa-apa ke, kat kawan kau dua orang tu."

Setelah bersalam-salaman, bersedih-sedihan maka tiba-tiba tusss! Tertunailah permintaan si Arab. Kemudian tibalah giliran si Afrika. Setelah terdiam beberapa ketika si Afrika berkata, "Wahai jin tolonglah saya kembalikan saya ke pangkuan keluarga saya, mungkin mereka menyangkakan bahawa saya telah mati, saya mahu pulang, saya mahu pulang.."

Tusss! (ada asap jugak) tak sampai hati jin tu mendengarkannya lebih lama lagi. Si Afrika tu hilang dari pandangan, nak ucap selamat tinggal kat kawan dia seorang lagi tu pun tak sempat. Tinggallah si mamat India ni seorang. Jin tu pandang dia, dia pandang jin tu.

Jin tu kata kat dia,"Kamu tu tunggu apa lagi, mintalah apa yang kamu hajati supaya aku boleh tunaikan permintaan kamu dan selesaikan janji aku kat kamu bertiga. Aku dah tak sabar nak enjoy ni.."

Si India tu kata, "Ala jin rilek la jin. Aku sebenarnya masih bersedih kerana kehilangan kekawanku yang sangat sejati..."

Lalu dia pun berkata , "Mr. jin sekarang kau tunaikanlah permintaanku yang tak seberapa ni. Aku meminta supaya engkau kembalikan semula mereka ke pangkuan ku. Aku rindukan mereka berdua."

Jin tu pun menunaikan permintaan si mamat india tu. Tusss! Kembalilah si Arab dengan si Afrika di depan si India tu.

Si India tu tersangat gembira. Si Arab dan si Afrika tadi walaupun asap dari perkembalian mereka dah hilang tapi kini masih ada asap lagi di tubuh mereka iaitu asap dari api kemarahan yang terpendam.